Amoz—The main significance of Isaiah’s father being named here is that this was usually done to indicate that both father and son were prophets. So the prophetic apple didn’t fall far from the tree.
Plowshares/Pruning Hooks—Basic farming gear. The image is that tools used to bring about death would instead be converted to those used to yield new life.
Judah—This kingdom was just south of Israel, which existed about one thousand years before the birth of Jesus. It was a mostly rural region that lacked the military fortifications that somewhere like Jerusalem would have had.
Armour of Light—Paul is intentionally making a reference back to the images evoked in the Isaiah text, calling on people to stop concentrating on the stuff of war and death, opting instead to focus on life-giving things.
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